victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
(doing) together; one lump; one mixture; the same; identical; (at) the same time
group; party; team; squad; section
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
oh no!; good heavens!; oops
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
excursion; field trip; school trip
commemorative photograph; souvenir photograph
to take (a photograph); to record (audio or video); to film; to shoot
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to bring (something); to take along; to fetch; to get
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
doing something separately (from the group); going off on one's own
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn; to rotate; to go around; to circle; to make the rounds (of); to go around (several places); to go by way of
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!