indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
joint; knuckle; tune; melody; knot (in wood); node in a bamboo stem
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to run to; to come running; to rush (someplace); to hasten
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
again; once more; a second time
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
again (and again); once again; yet again
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
invulnerability; immortality; insensibility to pain
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
letter; missive; note; mail
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
mole (Talpidae spp., esp. the small Japanese mole, Mogera imaizumii)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
than; from; out of; except; but; more
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay