this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
ancient times; prehistoric times; the distant past; a very long time ago
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
why; how; for what reason
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
shelter; refuge; protected place
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert; quarantine
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me