to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
study group; study meeting
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
while; even though; despite
kotatsu; table over an electric heater, with a hanging quilt to retain heat (orig. over a charcoal brazier in a floor well)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
persuasiveness; powers of persuasion; cogency
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
suffix for familiar person
coming; going; being (somewhere); (please) come; go; stay
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
well, ...; right, ...; so; then; that way (would mean ...); if that is the case
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good