to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
study group; study meeting
indicate reason; infers some protest
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
while; even though; despite
kotatsu; table over an electric heater (orig. a charcoal brazier in a floor well) with a hanging quilt that retains heat
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
persuasiveness; powers of persuasion; cogency
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
suffix for familiar person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good