present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tanuki (Nyctereutes procyonoides); raccoon dog; sly dog; sly old fox; sly fox
society; public; community; social studies
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
serious; earnest; real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to plan; to intend; to aspire to; to set aims (sights on)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; what sort of thing; everything; anything; what (on earth)?; what's the meaning of this ...?
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
restraint; restriction; fetters; binding; confinement with rope
free; unfettered; according to one's own whims; doing as one likes
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quarrel; fight; trouble; dispute; friction; discord
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to hunt out; to flush out; to round up; to impress; to recruit
to wield a baton; to swing a baton; to lead; to direct; to command
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
those (near the second person)
to compare and contrast two alternatives; to weigh the relative merits of A and B; to weigh one's options; to try to have it both ways; to try to sit on two stools
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
traditional; conventional
honor; honour; credit; prestige
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
carefree; optimistic; careless; reckless; heedless; happy-go-lucky
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to pick up; to find; to gather