consultation on career, university, etc. choices
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
second (unit of time); arc second
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
gap; space; break; interlude; chink (in one's armor, armour); chance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
zero; 0; nought; nothing; zilch
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
adds force or indicates command