hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
dropping in on the way; stopping off at; making a side trip; going the long way round; making a detour
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; amusement; hobby
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
shooting (a ball); shot (on basket, at goal, etc.); shoot (of a tree or plant); chute; shuuto; shootball
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah