beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
details; particulars; longitude and latitude; warp and weft; warp and woof
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
kendo; Japanese martial art using bamboo swords
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
9th in rank; ninth sign of the Chinese calendar
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(art of) fencing; swordsmanship
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
beginning; outset; first; onset
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
consequence; outcome; result; blame
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
if it is the case that ...
the person concerned; the person in question; the said person
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to seize; to capture; to arrest; to hold down; to subdue
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
preservation of health; hygiene; sanitation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to deliver; to extradite; to stretch across; to hand over
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
fault; error; going poorly; being disadvantageous; un-; non-
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit