lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
please (give me); please (do for me)
ridge (of roof); back of a sword; counter for buildings, apartments, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
shelf; ledge; rack; trellis
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
precautions; warnings; matters to be attended to; things to note; suggestions; hints
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
chamber; room; home of a monk; monk; Chinese "room" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
by myself; in person; by oneself
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
analgesic; painkiller; sedative; tranquilizer; tranquiliser