fifth month of the lunar calendar; satsuki azalea (Rhododendron indicum)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
three large cities (esp. Edo, Kyoto, and Osaka during the Edo period)
gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control; mastery; ascendancy
pile; heap; counter for things that are stacked, piled up (or layered, etc.); layers of clothing worn under one's overcoat; combination of colors created by layering of garments (colours)
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
travel; trip; journey; excursion; tour
trouble (I have put you through); (your) hard work; thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about; questionable
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
educational institution; school; academy; campus
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
pupil; student; schoolchild
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
Kansai; region consisting of Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and surrounding prefectures; Kansai; south-western half of Japan (during the feudal era)
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
anti-; antithesis; fanqie; traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone
guerrilla; guerrilla warfare; sudden
den; haunt; hangout; nest; lair
cleaning up; sweeping up; mopping up
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)