indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
oval tub or tray used in fish shops
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
disorder; confusion; violence; outrage; riot
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be open (to traffic); to lead to; to flow (liquid, current); to pass; to be understood; to be comprehended; to be honored
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
honorific/polite/humble prefix
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bail out (water); to scoop out
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)