indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
selection; choice; picking out
match; game; bout; contest
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
ji (ancient Chinese halberd)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
right in the middle (of); midst; height
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
condition; term; requirement; qualification; prerequisite
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
due form; official; formality
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
by means of; due to; because of; according to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself