last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to worry about (someone's welfare or comfort); to feel anxious about; to have apprehensions of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
boo! (sound used to scare someone); ugh (dissatisfaction, aggravation); ulp (consternation)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
river; stream; River; the ... river
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to jump down; to jump off; to jump from; to jump out of
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
sample; example; specimen; display model (e.g. plastic food models used by restaurants)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
surveillance camera; security camera
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
usurpation; taking back; dispossession
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to leave; to depart; to take one's leave
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...