once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to serve as; to act as; to fill (the position of); to play the role of; to be in charge of; to hold (a position)
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
supreme command; high command
general plan; main points; summary; platform (e.g. for a campaign); mission statement
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
doubt; question; uncertainty; skepticism; scepticism; suspicion
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
hesitation; indecision; vacillation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
gracious (defeat, apology, etc.); graceful; upright; righteous; (arch.) unspoiled (scenery, etc.); (arch.) pure
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
manner; way; appearance; air; custom; convention; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
engine; agency; organisation; system; facility
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Tenpō era (1830.12.10-1844.12.2)
sen (hundredth of a yen); coin made of non-precious materials; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of currency); (arch.) one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of mass)
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
connection; link; relationship
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
delivery; transfer; hand-over
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm