from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
overseas student; exchange student
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
fifteenth day of the month; fifteen days
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to recall; to remember; to recollect
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
completely; absolutely; totally; (not) at all
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
reckless; thoughtless; rash; ill-advised; impulsive; mad (e.g. scheme)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to defy; to disobey; to rebel against; to oppose; to resist
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to help out of (trouble); to extricate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest