now; soon; already; yet; further; more
time; hour; period; class
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adds force or indicates command
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
how; in what way; how about
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to face; to go towards; to head towards
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
turn (in line); order of things; sequential order
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
backyard; background; room in a store or restaurant not open to customers (often storage room)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and