this way (of doing); this method; this sort (of thing); this type
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
alone; by oneself; on one's own
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
adds force or indicates command
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to be truant; to slack off; to play hooky; to skip school; to cut class; to skip out
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all-Japan; all-Japan championships; (Japanese) national championships