indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reappearance; reemergence; return; reproduction; reenactment; recreation
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to obtain; to come into possession of; to get hold of; to get one's hands on
glittering; sparkling; glistening; twinkling
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to flip; to snap; to repel; to use (an abacus); to calculate; to strum
than; from; out of; except; but; more
number one; first; best; most; game; round
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as