indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lure someone; to entice someone
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
transfer; transport; removal
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
going against one's will; contrary to one's intentions; going against one's desire; going contrary to one's wishes
silence; being silent; quiet; reticence; inaction
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to have a bad time; to go through a bitter experience; to get into trouble; to get hurt; to suffer
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days