this is why; that is the reason why; it is the case that; so; thus; with that
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Northern and Southern Courts (of Japan; 1336-1392); Northern and Southern Dynasties; Northern and Southern Dynasties (of China; 420-589)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
Mara; demon king who attempted to hinder Gautama Buddha from attaining enlightenment; obstacle to enlightenment; penis
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
Kenmu Restoration (1333-1336)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
barrier; gate; seki; mutual life
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
Emperor Go-Daigo; Go-Daigo Tenno (1288-1339 CE, reigning: 1318-1339 CE)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to respect; to honor; to honour; to esteem; to prize
society; public; community; social studies
custom; convention; common practice; (arch.) becoming accustomed (to)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
new government; new administration