tree; shrub; wood; timber; wooden clappers (signalling the beginning or end of a performance)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
ball; ball (pitch delivered outside the strike zone); board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
serious; earnest; sober; honest; sincere
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
how; in what way; how about
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
sly; cunning; sneaky; miserly; mean; stingy
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
barrier; gate; seki; mutual life