indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
call; summons; convening; convocation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to respond; to satisfy; to accept; to comply with; to apply for
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
Qin dynasty (of China; 221-207 BCE); Ch'in dynasty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to refuse; to reject; to decline; to prevent (from doing); to deny (e.g. access); to block
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
chance; stroke of luck; (curious) turn of events
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
natural; reasonable; obvious; usual; common; ordinary
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
in that way; thus; so; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
commander; general; leader
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)