indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
virginity (of a male); virgin; (Catholic) nun; sister
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force or indicates command
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
of course; certainly; naturally
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
chasing after women; womanizing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
alternating current; AC; analogue computer (analog); average cost; adult child
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
job application form; employee satisfaction
wave (on water); wave (electromagnetic, sound, etc.); wave (in hair); wave (audience); Mexican wave
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
teaching the basics; initiation; introduction
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
no matter how much time passes
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...