that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
receiving; getting; eating; drinking; please (give me; do for me)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
bride; (one's) daughter-in-law; wife
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
a few hours; several hours; a couple of hours
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
office work; clerical work; administration; business; affairs
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
most important provincial shrine; (arch.) first-born imperial prince