somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
the place for; the time for; the level of
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
national border; provincial border
to lie in wait (for); to be on the watch (for); to wait (for); to watch (for)
ambush; lying in wait for an ambush
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
very great; enormous; serious
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
attitude; posture; preparedness; readiness
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
last night; yesterday evening
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party