end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
finding employment; getting a job
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by choice; of one's own free will; on one's own initiative; off one's own bat
young person; youth; young
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to throw oneself (into an activity)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
decision; determination; resolution
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
grandfather; male senior-citizen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora); camphorwood; camphor laurel
arbitration; conciliation; mediation
government service; the bureaucracy
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just