why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by myself; in person; by oneself
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
winding; meandering; wriggling; wiggling; waving; swaying
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
begging; pestering; pleading; coaxing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
such; like that; in that way
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
document; official papers
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do