indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
gap; space; break; interlude; chink (in one's armor, armour); chance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
edge (of a knife or sword); prong (of an electrical plug)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to pull tight; to brace; to tighten
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut deep into; to cut one's way into (an enemy position); to rush on; to press someone hard (e.g. with questions); to get to the heart of (a matter)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
selection; classification; sorting; screening; triage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...