to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sharing with others what has been given to you; sharing a portion of the profit with others
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
with a clatter; with a rattle; empty; bare; raspy (voice); gravelly; with a gargle
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
underwear; undergarment; underclothes; lingerie
the matter you have been talking about
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
arrangement; preparations; search (by police)