manuscript; copy; draft; notes; contribution
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
considerably; greatly; a lot
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
lack of sleep; insufficient sleep
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to work too hard; to try too hard; to strain oneself; to overdo it; to go too far
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding; appearing on the cover of a magazine
collar; color; colour; hair colouring (coloring); calla (variety of arum lily)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...