if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reset; fresh start; new beginning
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
on good terms with; on cordial terms with; getting along well with; to make friends with; to be good friends with; to get along with
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
please (give me); please (do for me)
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to feel down; to feel sad; to be in a slump (business, economy, etc.); to be in an unfavourable condition; to fall into (e.g. a hole)