pressure; pressure (e.g. political); arm-twisting
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
inside a car (train, bus, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
warning; caution; admonition; keikoku (penalty in judo)
abandoned station; closed station
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); passage (of a bill, e.g. through parliament); carriage; passing (an examination, inspection, etc.); clearing
each; (arch.) you (plural)
impact; shock; impulse; (psychological) shock
in preparation (for); in case (of); in the lead-up (to)
please (give me); please (do for me)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
to defend oneself; to protect oneself
tool; implement; means; furniture
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
hereditary title (used in ancient Japan to denote rank and political standing); kabane; (arch.) clan
to falter; to flinch (from); to recoil (from); to quail (at); to be intimidated; to feel daunted
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real