at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
gatekeeper; door guard; doorman; concierge; janitor
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
astonishing; amazing; surprising; wonderful
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to let (someone) hear; to tell (e.g. a story); to make (someone) listen; to make (someone) understand; to grip (someone) with skilful singing, storytelling, etc.; to hold (someone) enchanted by
one day; (on) a certain day
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
two persons; two people; pair; couple
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to be caught; to be arrested; to hold on to; to grasp; to find (e.g. proof); to get (e.g. a taxi)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
outrageous lie; outright lie
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
wheat straw; barley straw
unique flavor (flavour); (degree of) flavouring; distinctive quality; special charm
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to brace one's legs; to stand firm; to plant one's feet (firmly on the ground); to hold out; to persist; to make an effort
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
immediately; right away; at once; instantly