indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
along; parallel to; in accordance with
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
engineer; technical expert; technician; craftsperson
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
dwarf (esp. in folklore or fantasy literature)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
companion; comrade; escort; member of a party; fellow traveller; fellow traveler
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
guidance; showing the way; guide; guidepost; signpost; waymark
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
wolf (Canis lupus); wolf in sheep's clothing; womanizer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
speed; velocity; pace; velocity
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds force or indicates command
acceleration; speeding up
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh