indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
cooperation; coordination; link
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come off; to be removed; to disappear (of pain, a fever, etc.); to be caught; to be harvested; to be interpreted (as); to be taken (as)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
on purpose; deliberately; intentionally
isolation; being alone; being friendless
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
acquaintance; making someone's acquaintance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
how can (one) do something
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(balance) scales; shoulder carrying pole; steelyard
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
so; like this; in this way
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
goalkeeper; keeper; goalie
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
match; game; bout; contest
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber