indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hello; good day; good afternoon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
study; research; investigation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(apparently) that's what it's like, isn't it
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
cooperation; collaboration
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
deep emotion; impression; inspiration
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
three; three years of age
thank you for waiting; sorry to have kept you waiting
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
first day (e.g. at work, school); day one
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
one breath; time of one breath; pause; break; (doing in) one go; doing without stopping
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more