today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to fall down; to fall over; to turn out; to play out; to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
just as; in the act of; as soon as; at the moment that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to trip (over); to stumble; to fail; to suffer a setback
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
image; figure; figure; form; image
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
result; effect; performance; workmanship; execution; shape and quality (of an article)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
all; altogether; entirely; exactly like; just like; spitting image of