indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
older sister; lass; young lady
Zen monk's waistcoat (short, informal kasaya)
headquarters; head office; main office
call; summons; usher who calls the names of wrestlers, sweeps the ring, etc.; telephone number at which a person without a telephone can be reached; (arch.) box-shaped area containing clean water for rinsing oneself (in an Edo-period bathhouse); (arch.) high-ranking prostitute in the Yoshiwara district (Edo period); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute in the Fukagawa red-light district (Edo period)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
resuscitation; regeneration; reformation; rehabilitation; playback; regeneration (sound, etc.)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
of course; certainly; naturally
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
in good condition; in fine shape; glib; slick; harmonious; melodious
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...