to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
massacre; annihilation; wholesale slaughter
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
lieutenant colonel; commander (navy)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
please (give me); please (do for me)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
No Entry; No Trespassing; No Admittance; off-limits; restricted; forbidden
limits; boundary; domain; area (e.g. in programming languages)
emperor (of Japan); mikado
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
extermination; annihilation
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
to be enrolled (in a college, course of study, etc.); to be a member (of an organization)
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)