man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take along; to hold in the hand; to hang (e.g. from the shoulder or waist)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
steamed bun; steamed bread
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
perplexity; difficult question; difficult problem
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with; covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
Kawachi (former province located in the east of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
traditional cap worn by Shinto clergy and courtiers; crown; diadem; top kanji radical; first verse of a haikai, etc.; best; peerless
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do