to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
revolution; 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
story; tale; talk; discussion
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
until now; so far; up to the present
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
now; the present time; just now; another; more
revolutionary (e.g. technology)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work