well then ...; in that situation; in which case
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
war; battle; match; game; competition
commendation ceremony; award ceremony
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
head office; main office; main store; this store; our store
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
admonition; commandment; sila (precept)
similarly; same (idea); same (name)
branch office; branch store
Kawachi (former province located in the east of present-day Osaka Prefecture)
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
traditional cap worn by Shinto clergy and courtiers; crown; diadem; top kanji radical; first verse of a haikai, etc.; best; peerless
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
prize winner; pennant winner; victor
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
French bread (esp. baguette); breadstick
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so