community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
boundary; border; limit; bounds; frontier
touch; contact; contact (with people); dealings; tangency
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonparticipation; nonattendance
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt; sentence-ending particle expressing a rhetorical question
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to underestimate; to make light of
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to turn; to rotate; to pass around; to send around; to move (someone or something to where its needed); to send; to turn (to a new use)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
in any case; regardless; either way; since it makes no difference anyway (you might as well ...); since it won't change the outcome; if you are doing it regardless
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); canine; squealer; rat; loser; asshole
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
cheap; inexpensive; calm; peaceful; quiet
filling (up) a hole; filling in (for a gap, vacancy, etc.); stopgap; making up (for a loss, damage, etc.); covering (a deficit); fill-in-the-blank activity
idler (wheel); idler (wave)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money); indicates that the action is directed towards the speaker; indicates that the object of an action arrives at or is received by the speaker
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...