to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adds force or indicates command
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to release; to let go; to free; to add (pieces of eggplant, potato, etc.) to water, broth, etc.
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)