indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
because of; owing to; due to
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to carry off; to run away with; to sweep away; to take entirely for oneself; to monopolize
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
lineage; stock; descent; strain; blood relationship
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
way to use something; treatment; management (of help)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
bodily; physical; corporeal; sexual; sensual; of the flesh
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sincerely; earnestly; repeatedly; over and over; again and again
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
settlement; solution; resolution