indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
of all (things, people, places, days, etc.)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
in that way; thus; so; so?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
until then; till then; to that extent; the end of it; all there is to it
myself; yourself; I; me; you
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
simply; merely; only; solely