year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
advance warning; previous notice; prior announcement; herald; harbinger; forerunner
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to name; to call; to christen; to term
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
fact; truth; reality; in fact; actually
versus; against; to (e.g. score of 4 to 2, ratio of 3 to 1, vote of 320 to 180); toward ...; to ...; equal footing
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
do-or-die resistance; resistance to the bitter end
to launch oneself upon; to make one's debut
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
strength; power; proficiency; ability
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort