-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
adds force or indicates command
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
secrecy; confidentiality; privacy; one's circumstances (esp. fiscal)
such ... as; or some such
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
easy; simple; there's no way that ...