senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
trampling down; overrunning; infringement; violation
running (of a car, bus, etc.); traveling; travelling; running (of a program)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to kick about; to kick around; to scatter (a crowd, the enemy, etc.); to rout
violent explosion; bursting
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
to perform a small motion repetitively (e.g. picking or poking something)
paper (in rock-paper-scissors); disappearing completely; coming to nought; foolishness; stupidity
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
suffix for familiar person
club activities; extracurricular activities
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
youth; springtime of life; adolescent
to work hard; to sweat; to wash off one's sweat
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
I don't know ...; how about ...?; I wonder; what about ..?
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
in that way; thus; so; so?
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant