sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
(taking a) bath; hot spring cure
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
second (party to an agreement); the B party (e.g. in a contract); stylish; chic; strange; quaint
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
hateful; abominable; poor-looking; amazing; fantastic; admirable
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question